Antibiotics are often prescribed for viral infections like the common cold, against which they are completely "impotent".

. This isn't just bad luck; it’s a natural consequence of selective pressure—whenever we use an antibiotic, we unintentionally give resistant bacteria a chance to survive and multiply.

Found in the second paragraph: "...they utilize horizontal gene transfer , a process where bacteria share resistance genes directly..." 7. Strongest bacteria

Answer: At least 700,000.

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In boxes 11–13 on your answer sheet, write: if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

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: Pharmaceutical companies often focus on chronic illness drugs because they are more lucrative than one-off antibiotic treatments. Livestock Impact

The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928 heralded the golden age of medicine. For decades, antibiotics transformed public health, turning once-fatal bacterial infections into easily treatable conditions. However, this therapeutic triumph is rapidly unraveling. Today, the world faces a silent but catastrophic crisis: the growing global threat of antibiotic resistance (AMR). Bacterial strains are evolving faster than science can produce countermeasures, threatening to plunge modern medicine back into the pre-antibiotic era where a simple scratch could prove fatal. Paragraph B

Match each statement with the correct paragraph label (A, B, C, D, E, F) from the passage:

This article explores the mechanisms behind this crisis, its driving forces, the global implications, and the strategies required to avert a post-antibiotic era, structured to mirror the analytical and comprehensive style found in IELTS Reading passages. The Mechanism of Resistance: A Darwinian Race

The pharmaceutical industry prioritizes antibiotic development because it is highly profitable.