This motion creates a continuous circulation loop known as a convection current. Because fluid velocities in natural convection are relatively low compared to forced convection, the resulting heat transfer coefficients ( ) are also significantly lower. The Volume Expansion Coefficient (
Natural (or free) convection occurs when fluid motion is caused by rather than external means like a fan or pump.
To successfully solve the problems in Chapter 9, you must be comfortable with several non-dimensional parameters and equations. 1. The Volumetric Expansion Coefficient (
The Nusselt number for a vertical cylinder in free convection is:
Using a solution manual can help you learn.It shows the steps to solve tough problems. Key Concepts in Chapter 9 The Grashof Number
ρ = 1.06 kg/m^3, μ = 2.03 × 10^(-5) kg/m·s, k = 0.0287 W/m·K, Pr = 0.696, β = 1/T = 1/333 K^(-1)
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You cannot find heat transfer without the Nusselt number.Chapter 9 provides equations for different shapes.These shapes include plates, cylinders, and spheres.Each shape has its own specific formula. Sample Problem and Solution Step-by-Step The Problem
Use the formula for the Rayleigh number.Plug in the height, gravity, and temperature difference.Include the properties you found in step 1.Check if the number is above or below 10910 to the nineth power Step 3: Choose the Right Equation
